CD-ROM.

CD-ROM.

CD-ROM is a pre-pressed compact disc that contains data accessible to, but not writable by, a computer. While the compact disc format was originally designed for music storage and playback, the 1985 “Yellow Book” standard developed by Sony and Philips adapted the format to hold any form of binary data.
Five years later CD-ROM drives were being introduced on to computers. In 1994, they called a computer with a CD-ROM a Multimedia computer since it could play music and specially coded videos. Companies like Creative Technologies created a Sound Blaster multimedia upgrade kit which at the time gave the user a CD-ROM Drive with driver, a sound card and speakers. This in 1994 was a $200 product. Windows 95 in 1995 was introduced on either 10, 3.5-inch disks or 1 CD-ROM.
CD-ROMs are popularly used to distribute computer software, including games and multimedia applications, though any data can be stored (up to the capacity limit of a disc). Some CDs hold both computer data and audio with the latter capable of being played on a CD player, while data (such as software or digital video) is only usable on a computer (such as PC CD-ROMs). These are called enhanced CDs.
Although many people use lowercase letters in this acronym, proper presentation is in all capital letters with a hyphen between CD and ROM. It was also suggested by some, especially soon after the technology was first released, that CD-ROM was an acronym for "Compact Disc read-only-media", or that it was a more "correct" definition. This was not the intention of the original team who developed the CD-ROM, and common acceptance of the "memory" definition is now almost universal. This is probably in no small part due to the widespread use of other "ROM" acronyms such as Flash-ROMs and EEPROMs where "memory" is usually the correct term.

Floppy Disk Drive.

Floppy Disk Drive.

A floppy disk is a data storage medium that is composed of a disk of thin, flexible (Floppy) magnetic storage medium encased in a square or rectangular plastic shell. Floppy disks are read and written by a floppy disk drive or FDD, the initials of which should not be confused with "fixed disk drive," which is another term for a (non removable type of) hard disk drive. Invented by IBM, floppy disks in 8-inch (200 mm), 5¼-inch (133.35 mm), and 3½-inch (90 mm) formats enjoyed many years as a popular and ubiquitous form of data storage and exchange, from the mid-1970s to the late 1990s. While floppy disk drives still have some limited uses, especially with legacy industrial computer equipment,[2] they have now been largely superseded by USB flash drives, External Hard Drives, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, and Memory cards.

Hard Disk Drive.

Hard Disk Drive.

A hard disk drive is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. Strictly speaking, "drive" refers to a device distinct from its medium, such as a tape drive and its tape, or a floppy disk drive and its floppy disk. Early HDDs had removable media; however, an HDD today is typically a sealed unit (except for a filtered vent hole to equalize air pressure) with fixed media. A Hard disk drive also known Hard disk, Hard drive and HDD.

Sound Card.

Sound Card.

A sound card is a computer expansion card that facilitates the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs. Typical uses of sound cards include providing the audio component for multimedia applications such as music composition, editing video or audio, presentation, education, and entertainment (games). Many computers have sound capabilities built in, while others require additional expansion cards to provide for audio capability. Sound card also Known as Audio card.

Video Card.

Video Card.

The video card is an expansion card that allows the computer to send graphical information to a video display device such as a monitor or projector. A video card, also known as a graphics accelerator card, display adapter or graphics card. Some video cards offer added functions, such as video capture, TV tuner adapter, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 decoding, FireWire, light pen, TV output, or the ability to connect multiple monitors.
A misconception regarding high end video cards is that they are strictly used for video games. High end video cards have a much broader range of capability; for example, they play a very important role for graphic designers and 3D animators, who tend to require optimum displays as well as faster rendering. Video hardware can be integrated on the mainboard, as it often happened with early computers; in this configuration it was sometimes referred to as a video controller or graphics controller.

Processor or CPU.

Processor or CPU.

A CPU (Central Processing Unit) or processor is an electronic circuit that can execute computer programs. This topic has been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s (Weik 1961). The form, design and implementation of CPUs have changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their fundamental operation has remained much the same.
Early CPUs were custom-designed as a part of a larger, sometimes one-of-a-kind, computer. However, this costly method of designing custom CPUs for a particular application has largely given way to the development of mass-produced processors that are made for one or many purposes. This standardization trend generally began in the era of discrete transistor mainframes and minicomputers and has rapidly accelerated with the popularization of the integrated circuit (IC). The IC has allowed increasingly complex CPUs to be designed and manufactured to tolerances on the order of nanometers. Both the miniaturization and standardization of CPUs have increased the presence of these digital devices in modern life far beyond the limited application of dedicated computing machines. Modern microprocessors appear in everything from automobiles to cell phones to children's toys.

Random Access Memory.

Random Access Memory.

Random Access Memory (RAM)is a form of computer data storage. Today, it takes the form of integrated circuits that allow stored data to be accessed in any order (i.e., at random). The word random thus refers to the fact that any piece of data can be returned in a constant time, regardless of its physical location and whether or not it is related to the previous piece of data. RAM Used to provide temporary storage of information.

Types of RAM

Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM).
Static Random Access Memory (SRAM).

Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM).

Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) is stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit. Since real capacitors leak charge, the information eventually fades unless the capacitor charge is refreshed periodically. Because of this refresh requirement, it is a dynamic memory as opposed to SRAM and other static memory.
The advantage of DRAM is its structural simplicity: only one transistor and a capacitor are required per bit, compared to four transistors in SRAM. This allows DRAM to reach very high density.

Static Random Access Memory (SRAM).

Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) is a type of semiconductor memory where the word static indicates that, unlike dynamic RAM (DRAM), it does not need to be periodically refreshed, as SRAM uses bistable latching circuitry to store each bit. SRAM exhibits data remanence, but is still volatile in the conventional sense that data is eventually lost when the memory is not powered.

What is Mother Board?

What is Mother Board?

A motherboard is the central printed circuit board (PCB) in some complex electronic systems, such as modern personal computers.

The motherboard hold the following computer hardware subcomponents.

Random Access Memory (RAM).
Processor.
Video Card.
Sound Card.

What is Computer Hardware?

What is Computer Hardware?

The computer hardware refers to the various electronic components that are required for you to use a computer along with the hardware components inside the computer case. As you know your computer equipment is made of several common components.
The main computer box.

> Mother Board.
> Hard Disk Drive.
> Floppy Disk Drive.
> CD ROM or DVD ROM.
> Monitor.
> Power Supply.
> Keyboard.
> Mouse.
> Speakers.
> Printer.

What is Computer?

What is Computer?

A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a set of instructions.
Although mechanical examples of computers have existed through much of recorded human history, the first electronic computers were developed in the mid-20th century (1940–1945). These were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers. Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Simple computers are small enough to fit into a wristwatch, and can be powered by a watch battery. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are what most people think of as "computers". The embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from toys to industrial robots are however the most numerous.
The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile, distinguishing them from calculators. The Church–Turing thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility: any computer with a certain minimum capability is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore computers ranging from a mobile phone to a supercomputer are all able to perform the same computational tasks, given enough time and storage capacity.